国产黄色av电影_怡红院十次啦蜜芽国产欧美日韩_在线观看亚洲精品综合_四虎免费看黄色片_中文亚洲少妇自拍_JK制服女仆高潮喷水流白浆_久久久人妻无码中文字幕_欧美日韩视频一区二区在线riav_激情国产在线观看_美女极度色诱视频观看国产

彈簧|壓縮彈簧計算基本公式：

c = 彈簧指數(shù)(c=D/d; c=D/b) [-]

b = 線寬[mm, in]

d = 線徑[mm, in]

L0 = 彈簧自由長度[mm, in]

LH = 彈簧掛鉤高度[mm, in]

LK =有效截面長度[mm, in]

n = 工作線圈數(shù)[-]

p = 線圈間距[mm, in]

s = 彈簧變形量[mm, in]

Ψ= 形狀系數(shù) [-] (e.g. DIN 2090)

t =彈簧材料拉伸應力 [MPa, psi]

t0 = 內應力 [MPa, psi]

D = 彈簧中心直徑[mm, in]

F = 彈簧負載[N, lb]

F0 =內應力[N, lb]

G = 剪切彈性模量[MPa, psi]

h = 線高[mm, in]

k = 彈簧系數(shù)[N/mm, lb/in]

Ks = 彈簧曲線糾正因數(shù)[-]